Wednesday, July 23, 2014

Manage Cancer


The Financial Support section provides links to resources that offer financial assistance for those dealing with cancer. Medical bills, medications, legal issues, travel and accommodation costs for treatment and education and employment issues can create financial hardships. The following resources will help in lightening the financial burden of life with cancer.

General

CancerFAC.org

CFAC is a coalition of financial assistance organizations joining forces to help cancer patients experience better health and well-being by limiting financial challenges. You can search for specific types of assistance as well as resources available for specific types of cancer.
CancerCare.org

CancerCare is a national nonprofit, 501(c)(3) organization that provides free, professional support services to anyone affected by cancer: people with cancer, caregivers, children, loved ones, and the bereaved. CancerCare programs—including counseling and support groups, education, financial assistance and practical help—are provided by professional oncology social workers and are completely free of charge.
Cancer.gov

The National Cancer Institute coordinates the National Cancer Program, which conducts and supports research, training, health information dissemination, and other programs with respect to the cause, diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cancer, rehabilitation from cancer, and the continuing care of cancer patients and the families of cancer patients. Cancer.gov includes an extensive list of organizations that offer financial assistance.
CollegiateCancer.org

The National Collegiate Cancer Foundation's mission is to provide services and support to young adults who have been diagnosed with cancer. NCCF is committed to providing need-based financial support to young adult survivors who are pursuing higher education throughout their treatment and beyond.
TheChainFund.com

TheChainFund.com provides financial assistance to cancer patients in areas such as mortgage, rent, utilities, prescriptions, insurance and special foods needs. Funds are made available to qualified applicants and paid directly to the appropriate vendors.
BenefitsCheckUp.org

Developed and maintained by The National Council on Aging (NCOA), BenefitsCheckUp is the nation's most comprehensive Web-based service to screen for benefits programs for seniors with limited income and resources. BenefitsCheckUp includes more than 2,000 public and private benefits for things such as prescription drugs, financial assistance, legal assistance, health care and more.

Co-Pays and Medications

CancerCareCoPay.org

The CancerCare Co-Payment Assistance Foundation provides eligible individuals with up to $10,000 per year in co-payment assistance. They currently offer this program to people affected by breast cancer, colon or colorectal cancer, glioblastoma, head and neck cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, and renal cell cancer.
CoPays.org

The Patient Advocate Foundation (PAF) Co-Pay Relief Program (CPR) currently provides direct financial support to insured patients, including Medicare Part D beneficiaries, who must financially and medically qualify to access pharmaceutical co-payment assistance. The program offers personal service to all patients through the use of call counselors; personally guiding patients through the enrollment process.
NeedyMeds.org

NeedyMeds.org’s mission is to help people who cannot afford medicine or health care costs. On their site you can find information about free or discounted medication programs, free or low cost clinics and camps and scholarship programs. They also offer a discount drug card that can provide significant savings on your prescriptions (also available as an IPhone App).
PPARX.org

The Partnership for Prescription Assistance helps qualifying patients without prescription drug coverage get the medicines they need for free or nearly free. Their mission is to increase awareness of patient assistance programs and boost enrollment of those who are eligible. They offer a single point of access to more than 475 public and private programs, including nearly 200 offered by pharmaceutical companies.

Legal and Employment

PatientAdvocate.org

Patient Advocate Foundation's Patient Services provides patients with arbitration, mediation and negotiation to settle issues with access to care, medical debt, and job retention related to their illness. PAF case managers serve as active liaisons between the patient and their insurer, employer and/or creditors. You can also search for financial assistance by state in the resource section of their site.
DisabilityRightsLegalCenter.org
The Cancer Legal Resource Center (CLRC) is a national, joint program of the Disability Rights Legal Center and Loyola Law School Los Angeles. The CLRC provides free and confidential information and resources on cancer-related legal issues to cancer survivors, caregivers, employers, health care professionals, and others coping with cancer.
SSDRC.com

The goal of SSDRC is to inform readers as to how the disability process works. This includes discussion of the Social Security Administration's definition of disability, the medical and non-medical criteria that is considered to evaluate claims, and the actual process that is employed when cases are approved or denied at different levels of the disability system.
CancerandCareers.org
Cancer and Careers empowers and educates people with cancer to thrive in their work environment by providing expert advice, interactive tools and educational events.

Travel and Housing

Angel-Bus.org

Angel Bus is a nonprofit corporation dedicated to providing compassionate, non-emergency long-distance ground transportation to patients in need.  Angel Bus utilizes motor coaches and their volunteer drivers as well as commercial buses.  Patients may access help from Angel Bus by calling 1-800-768-0238 or by emailing info@angel-bus.org.
AirCharityNetwork.org

AirCharityNetwork.org provides people in need with access to free air transportation to specialized health care facilities or distant destinations due to family, community or national crisis.
AirCareAll.org

The Air Care Alliance is a nationwide league of humanitarian flying organizations whose volunteer pilot members are dedicated to community service. AirCareAll.org will introduce you to all the groups listed whose volunteers perform public benefit flying for health care and patient transport. By clicking the Listings button on the site, you can find volunteer pilots or an aviation charitable group near you.
MiracleFlights.org

Miracle Flights for Kids flies children who are struggling with serious cancers or debilitating diseases to specialized medical treatment centers across the U.S. Any child needing medical treatment or seeking out a second opinion not available in their own home town is eligible to apply for a miracle mission at MiracleFlights.org.
PatientTravel.org

The National Patient Travel HELPLINE provides information about all forms of charitable, long-distance medical air transportation and provides referrals to all appropriate sources of help available in the national charitable medical air transportation network. You can find the services they offer at PatientTravel.org or call 800-296-1217.
CorpAngelNetwork.org

Corporate Angel Network helps to ease the emotional stress, physical discomfort and financial burden of travel for cancer patients by arranging free flights to treatment centers, using the empty seats on corporate aircraft flying on routine business. Eligibility to participate in our program is open to all cancer patients, bone marrow donors, and bone marrow recipients who are ambulatory and not in need of medical support while traveling and is not based on financial need.
JoesHouse.org

Joe's House is an online lodging resource for cancer patients and their loved ones. Finding a place to stay near hospitals and cancer treatment centers across the country is easy at JoesHouse.org, which lists thousands of options for lodging. Details on each lodging facility such as distance to hospitals, how to make a reservation, qualifications for stays, rates and amenities can be found on the site. Users may search by city or by healthcare facility. For those without Internet access, there is a toll free line at 877-JOESHOU (877-563-7468).
HospitalHosts.com

HospitalHosts.com assists people in finding housing when they have to travel for treatment. The site can help you find housing that’s appropriate, affordable, and close to the medical facility and allows you to concentrate all your energies on the treatment and cure of your loved one.
NAHHH.org

The National Association of Hospital Hospitality Houses, Inc. is a caring association of more than 150 nonprofit organizations located throughout the U.S. that provide family-centered lodging and support services to families and their loved ones who are receiving medical treatment far from their home communities. You can locate available NAHHH lodging at NAHHH.org.

The Pre-op visit is coming up this afternoon

Today is the day of my pr-op visit with the plastic surgeon they will collect the co-pay $664.  take some awesome before pictures, I should have sprinkled my body like the teenagers with blinkers for the picture so that I can truly be a shiny star.  Perhaps I will paint my tummy with the Aggies symbol just because the Doctor always wears a UT cap when going in for surgery.   I know this inside info from all the other cancer patients.

My emotions are running wild all over the place, like fire ant when you step on their pile.  i feel tired, like crying for no good reason (I know it is better to start the treatment) But maybe I thought the day will never really come.  In someways I think are not trying to cheat destiny are we not suppose to die when you are diagnosed with terminal illness. What is the purpose of all of this?  How can anyone be please with suffering?

that sounds like a real pitty party.  then I think of the great things one can accomplish like Mary's House and I put my eye on the future and what I can mean for others  and that is just all I can think off now.  I definitely want to volunteer for Immermanangels.  Sorry to say but I am weak I am not as strong and powerful in myself as others...  I am just me...

Mary's House By the Sea

Mary's Place By The Sea bu-donatenow.jpg



Providing a place for women with cancer to heal: mind, body, and soul

Our Services

Mary’s Place offers a wide range of services to our guests.  We work with you to customize your visit so that you can take advantage of as many, or as few, of these services as you want.  We can also develop customized services if you let us know what you need in advance.  All of our services are provided by experienced, highly-qualified practitioners.
 They include:
  • Oncological Massage
  • Reiki/Healing Touch therapy
  • Guided meditation and imagery
  • Nutritional counseling and special cooking classes
  • Journal Writing
  • Social Worker/Counseling
  • Yoga

Tuesday, July 22, 2014

Camp Make a Dream




Program Calendar

PROGRAM CALENDAR 2014

Ovarian Cancer Retreat - Spring May 1 – 5 Free
Women diagnosed with ovarian cancer

Young Adult Conference June 10 – 16 Free
Young adults with cancer (18-40 yrs.)

Heads Up Conference June 19 – 25 Free
Young adults diagnosed with a brain tumor (18-35 yrs.)

Teen Camp July 1 – 7 Free
Teenagers diagnosed with cancer (15-18 yrs.)

Siblings Camp July 10 – 15 Free
Siblings and children of cancer patients (6-13 yrs.)

Siblings Camp July 18 - 23 Free
Siblings and children of cancer patients (13-17 yrs.)

Kids Camp July 26 – August 1 Free
Children diagnosed with cancer (6-14 yrs.)

Teen Heads Up Conference August 4 - 10 Free
Teenagers diagnosed with a brain tumor (13-18 yrs.)

Ovarian Cancer Retreat - Fall Sept 4 – 8 Free
Women diagnosed with Ovarian cancer

Womens Cancer Retreat Sept 11 - 15 Free
Women diagnosed with cancer

Freebies

Freebies & Discounts for Cancer Patients


Air Fare:
Air Care Alliance (ACA).  Provides listing of nonprofit organizations, nationwide, that fly patients to treatments at no charge. 800-296-1217; www.aircareall.orginfo@nationalpatienttravelcenter.org; Charlee@patienttravel.org
Corporate Angel Network, Inc. (CAN) Free airfare for cancer patients who can walk and travel without life-support or medical attention. www.corpangelnetwork.org
National Patient Travel Center Helpline Gateway leading to options to pay airfare  as well as for ground transportation for trips up to 300 miles to get to and from treatment. 1-800-296-1217; info@nationalpatienttravelcenter.orghttp://www.patienttravel.org/

Basic Needs:
Brenda Mehling Cancer Fund (BMCF). Forpatients ages 18-40.  Provides services to meet daily needs not covered by insurance. Typically $600 of medical co-payments, rent and mortgage, transportation, car insurance, repairs, and groceries; http://www.bmcf.net; 661-310-7950
Cancer Fund of America. Food, clothes, hygiene, and other products;www.cfoa.org/available_products.html
Children’s Cancer Fund of America.Children with cancer receive $25 to $50 each month.  www.ccfoa.org
National Children’s Cancer Society. Financial assistance, meals during treatment, phone cards, lodging during treatment, health insurance premiums, medical expenses not covered by insurance. Child must be diagnosed on or before his/her 18th birthday) 314-241-1600; 800-532-6459; www.children-cancer.com
United Way. Their 2-1-1 telephone helpline provides information and referral with food, housing, employment, health care, counseling resources and more. www.211.org

Breast Cancer Screenings:
Free MRI’s or help paying for them. For any woman with US residency. On-line application:https://www.patientservicesinc.org/onapp/apply.aspx. Or have a form mailed or faxed to you by calling Patient Services Inc 800-366-7741.

Breast Prostheses and Post-mastectomy Bras:
Breast Form Fund. These items are free for underserved women. Also provided is professional support and information for anyone coping with breast cancer. www.support@all4onealliance.org. Or Contact Breast Form Fund: 413-584-6673.
Breast Friends. These items are free for women with no or very limited insurance.  Other offerings, such as volunteer matches providing emotional, spiritual, and social support to survivors with any female cancer (one on one in some locations; by phone anywhere in the county); www.breastfriends.org; support@breastfriends.org.
Crickett’s Answer For Cancer. Free for any woman with breast cancer. CrickettsAnswer@comcast.net; 717-843-7903; 301-935-4411
Liberator Fashions. Free catalog of mastectomy bras and other lingerie. Company will see that qualifying customers get insurance reimbursement. Often no or little out-of-pocket expense for items.  www.liberatormedical.com/mastectomy-fashions/pdfs/2011mastectomycatalog.pdf
Y-Me. Breast prostheses and mastectomy bras for women with limited resources; YourShoes 24/7 Breast Cancer Support Center. 800-221-2141.

Camping (for kids with cancer as well as programs for siblings):Most are free
Camp directories by state and city:
http://www.ped-onc.org/cfissues/camps.html
http://www.chemoangels.net/Chemo%20Angels%20sub%20content/Help%20Pages/cancer_camps.htm
Camp Kesem. Camp for kids whose parents have had cancer. A free week of games, arts, crafts and facilitated conversations for six-to sixteen-year-olds. Parents may be living with cancer or have died of cancer; http://campkesem.org; info@campkesem.org; 260-225-3736.

Classes:
Counseling, Tai Chi, yoga, exercise classes, meditation, guided imagery. Support groups for family members, on-line forums for survivors. Free through the Wellness Community in many cities. www.cancer.supportcommunity.org; 888-793-9355
American Cancer Society. “I Can Cope.” Class via phone from your home addressing issues like nutrition, finances, emotional well-being and pain management.  800-ACS-2345
American Cancer Society. “Look Good…Feel Better.” Cosmetics and workshop on making yourself up. Free. For women undergoing treatment.  800-ACS-2345

Colon Cancer Help:
A $300 grant for colon cancer patients in treatment to help with rent, utilities, food, or other essentials.  For colon cancer patients making less than $75,000 a year. Blue Note Fund of the Colon Cancer Alliance. http://www.ccalliance.org; 202-628-0123
Ostomy supplies.Free for uninsured colon cancer patients. Call for other free supports  like educational programs. Colon Cancer Alliance. http://www.ccalliance.org; 202-628-0123
A $250 grant to qualified colorectal cancer patients.  Help with living expenses like child care, transportation to and from appointments,  groceries, cleaning services, and wigs. Chris 4Life. htttp://www.chris4life.org; info@chris4life.org; 773-551-5434

Gasoline:
Free GasUSA. Assistance paying for gas to get to treatments, grocery shopping, and other places of necessity; www.freegasusa.org

Hats:
Breasts Friends Hat Project. Free hats to women in treatment for cancer. http://www.breastfriends.org/programs/patient-outreach/hat-project; mail@breastfriends.com
Caps Against Cancer. Free ball caps for patients who have experienced hair loss due to chemotherapy treatments. PO Box 38731 Charlotte, NC 28278; www.facebook.com/capsagainstcancer
Hats for Happiness. Free (new and lovingly worn) www.hatsforhappiness.org
Heavenly Hats. Free hats to cancer survivors around the United States; http://www.heavenlyhats.com/ 
Hats off for Cancer. Free hats for children and young adults up to age 21. http://hatsoffforcancer.org/request-a-hat/

House Cleanings:
Free. Four monthly cleanings for women with cancer. In many states. www.cleaningforareason.org; 877-337-3348
www.canswerlink.org/supportus.html

Legal Assistance:
Cancer Legal Resource Center. Provides free information and resources on cancer-related legal issues to cancer survivors, their families, and others dealing with cancer; 866-843-2572; http://www.lls.edu/academics/candp/clrc.html
Patient Advocate Foundation. Not legal service, but will advocate for patients whose insurance companies’ practices are questionable or help find insurance. www.patientadvocatefoundation.org

Lodging During Treatments:
Joe’s House/Hope Lodge. 800-ACS-2345. Discounted lodging during treatment; www.joeshouse.org
American Cancer Society.  Lodging at downtown and suburban hotels for cancer patients. Discounted; 877-824-0660
National Association of Homes and Hospitality. Keeps a directory of nonprofits that offer free or significantly discounted lodging to patients during treatment; http://www.nahhh.org

Lymphedema Alert Band Alerts medics that you have or tend toward lymphedema. Free for patients with or at risk of developing lympedema. www.lymphedema.com/alertband.htm; 1-800-29-EDEMA

Lymphedema sleeves and hand gauntlets. Free to any woman with breast cancer. CrickettsAnswer@comcast.net; 717-843-7903; 301-935-4411

Meals:
Meals on Wheels. Free In-home-delivered meals for income-eligible adults and children. Available in most areas of the country. Some programs also offer other home-related assistance, such as grocery shopping; 703-548-5558; www.mowaa.org

Medications/Health Care:
Cancercare.org. Financial Assistance for cancer care. 800-813-HOPE (4673); www.cancercare.org
Bone Marrow Foundation Patient Aid Program. Helps cover costs of donor searches, compatibility testing, bone marrow harvesting, medications, home and child care, medical equipment, transportation, cord blood banking, housing costs and other expenses associated with transplant; 212-838-3029; 800-3651336; http://www.bonemarrow.org/contact/contact.php
HealthWell Foundation. Assistance with medical expenses, established by specific disease. Grant ranges from $2,000 to about $15,000. Applicants must have some form of insurance and have income at up to 400 percent of the federal poverty level.  1-800-675-8416; http://www.healthwellfoundation.org/.
Needymeds. One-stop resource to find financial assistance for medications and health care costs. www.needymeds.org
Partnership for Prescription Assistance. Helps uninsured and financially struggling patients access healthcare and prescription assistance programs that offer medicines for free or nearly free. www.pparx.org; or 1-888-4PPA-NOW.
Good Days (Chronic Disease Fund) Financial assistance with medication for the underinsured. http://www.gooddaysfromcdf.org/aboutus

Ovarian Cancer Tumor Profiling Testing:
Free or discounted test, analysis and report. Downloadable application: http://www.clearityfoundation.org/financialform.aspx

Pampering:
Lydia Project. Tote bag with “goodies” inside.Free. www.thelydiaproject.org/secure/requestatote.asp
Crickett’s Answer For Cancer.  Mastectomy massage, other massage therapies, facial, manicure, basket of pampering products. Free to any woman with breast cancer. CrickettsAnswer@comcast.net; 717-843-7903; 301-935-4411

Rent or Utilities:
Breast Cancer Charities. For breast cancer patients during treatment. Those who qualify receive up to $500. Must be submitted by social worker or nurse; www.thebreastcancercharities.org/

Retreats:
Camp Mak-A-Dream. Medically supervised, cost-free Montana experience, in an intimate community setting, for different groups, including women of all cancers, ovarian cancer patients, children, and young adults with cancer.  info@campdream.org; 410-549-5987; http://www.campdream.org/contact.html
Casting for Recovery.Woman affected by cancer learnfish flying in a peaceful natural setting, while making friends.  Counseling, education, facilitated by health/psychosocial professionals.  Offered throughout most of the United States. 1-888-553-3500 http://castingforrecovery.org
First Descents. Kayaking, rock climbing and other outdoor adventures for young adults with cancer. Offered in six states. Free. Travel scholarships available to those in need. 303-945-2490; http://www.firstdescents.org

Transportation to and from treatments and doctors appointments
Road to Recovery. Free. 800-ACS-2345; http://www.cancer.org/Treatment/SupportProgramsServices/road-to-recovery
Patient Travel Foundation. Long ground trips (and flights) http://www.patienttravel.org
 
Vacations and Other Special Wishes:
Dream Foundation. Grants final dreams from the heart to adults with life-threatening illnesses. May include vacation with a couple of family members, help with a utility bill, an appliance, or gift for ill adult’s child. 805-564-2131; http://www.dreamfoundation.org/contact-us

Web-based Support Communities:
www.lotsahelpinghands.com. Forum for help organizing assistance with meals, rides, and other support. Provides a platform for sharing information.
www.caringbridge.org. On-line features include care journal to update family and friends, guest book for messages of support, photo gallery, and support for using the service
www.carepages.com. Displays updates on the patient’s condition, photos, message board for visitors, open forums to connect to other CarePage members; researched health information
www.MyLifeLine.org. Forums for updating friends and family, guest book for leaving messages, photo gallery for posting pictures, planner to facilitate scheduling help

Wigs:
American Cancer Society. Free. 800-ACS-2345 to locate a chapter near you
Wigs for Kids. For children under the age of 18. Free. www.wigsforkids.org/medical
Susan G. Komen for the Cure. To locate a chapter near you; http://ww5.komen.org/affiliates.aspx
Crickett’s Answer For Cancer. Wigs and other head fittings as well as salon services for wigs. Free to any woman with breast cancer. CrickettsAnswer@comcast.net; 717-843-7903; 301-935-4411

Y-ME.  Wigs and styling tips for women with limited resources.  YourShoes 24/7 Breast Cancer Support Center; 800-221-2141

Wednesday, July 16, 2014

Ambry Genetics Testing

BREASTNEXT

BreastNextTM is a next generation (next-gen) sequencing panel that simultaneously analyzes 18 genes that contribute to increased risk for breast cancer including BRCA1 and BRCA2.
PrintPrint
Please note, all samples received starting October 18, 2013 for BreastNext and OvaNext will automatically include NF1 and RAD51D gene sequencing and deletion/duplication analyses at no additional cost. Additionally, Ambry will contact clinicians to discuss any clinically-significant NF1and RAD51D incidental findings on all in-house samples.
Ambry utilizes next generation sequencing to offer a comprehensive testing panel for hereditary breast and/or ovarian cancer, including BRCA1 and BRCA2. Genes on this panel include ATM, BARD1, BRCA1, BRCA2, BRIP1, CDH1, CHEK2, MRE11A, MUTYH, NBN, NF1, PALB2, PTEN, RAD50, RAD51C, RAD51D, STK11 and TP53. Gross deletion/duplication analysis is performed for all 18 genes. Specific-site analysis is available for individual gene mutations known to be in the family.
Disease Name 
Cancer, Breast
Hereditary Breast Cancer
Disease Information 
Breast cancer is a disease in which cells in the breast become abnormal and multiply to form a malignant tumor.  Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women in developed countries, affecting about 1 in 8 (~12.29%) women in her lifetime.1 The NCI estimates that there will be approximately 227,000 new cases of female breast cancer and 2,200 new cases of male breast cancer diagnosed in the U.S. in 2012.2
Breast cancer is a complex, multifactorial disease in which there is a strong interplay between genetic and environmental factors.  Approximately 5-10% of breast cancer is thought to be due to a specific hereditary cause and an additional 20-30% is estimated to be 'familial,' meaning there is more breast cancer in a family than you could expect by chance.  Hereditary breast cancers tend to occur earlier in life than non-inherited sporadic cases and are more likely to involve both breasts.  Other risk factors for breast cancers include age, gender, reproductive and menstrual history, alcohol, radiation, high body mass index, and benign breast disease, such as atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) and lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS).2
While hereditary breast cancer can be explained by mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 ~25–50% of the time, additional genes associated with hereditary breast cancer are emerging.3-5 Studies demonstrate that mutations in the genes on the BreastNext panel can confer an estimated 25–70% lifetime risk for breast cancer.  Some of these genes have also been associated with increased risks for other cancers, such as pancreatic cancer with PALB2, ovarian cancer with RAD50, and sarcomas with TP53.
BreastNext Panel Genes
 
ATM is a gene classically associated with an autosomal recessive condition called ataxia-telangiectasia (AT). AT is an autosomal recessive disorder characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia with onset between ages one and four, telangiectases of the conjunctivae, oculomotor apraxia, immune defects, and a predisposition to malignancy, particularly leukemia and lymphoma. Heterozygous carrier females also have an estimated 2-4 fold increased risk for breast cancer.Recent studies have also reportedATM germline mutations in individuals with familial pancreatic cancer. In one of these studies, ATM mutations were identified in 4.6% (4/87) of families with more than 3 affected members.32 The exact lifetime pancreatic cancer risk for ATM mutation carriers has not yet been established.
 
BRCA1 and BRCA2 are tumor suppressor genes. Mutations in these two highly penetrant genes increase the chance for cancer of the breast, ovaries and fallopian tubes, pancreas and prostate. Studies suggest female BRCA1 mutation carriers have between a 57-87% risk to develop breast cancer and between a 39-40% risk to develop ovarian cancer by age 70. Similarly male BRCA1 mutation carriers have a cumulative breast cancer risk of 1.2% by age 70.
Similar studies suggest female BRCA2 mutation carriers have between a 45-84% risk to develop breast cancer and between an 11-18% risk to develop ovarian cancer (including primary peritoneal and fallopian tube) by age 70. Male BRCA2 mutation carriers have up a 15% prostate cancer risk and a cumulative breast cancer risk of 6.8% by ages 65 and 70 respectively.
Furthermore, BRCA1/2 mutation carriers are at an increased risk for melanoma and cancer of the pancreas, gall bladder, bile duct and the stomach. Cancer risks are further modified by family history, reproductive choices, lifestyle and environmental factors and other genetic factors.
BARD1, BRIP1, MRE11A, NBNRAD50, and RAD51C are genes involved in the Fanconi anemia (FA)–BRCA pathway, which is critical for DNA repair by homologous recombination and interact in vivo with BRCA1 and/or BRCA2.3,8-10 Mutations in these genes are estimated to confer up to a 4 fold increase in breast cancer risk, and mutations in each have been reported in at least 1 identified case of ovarian cancer to date.11

CHEK2 is a gene that receives signals from damaged DNA, transmitted to CHEK2 via ATM.  Known substrates of CHEK2 include BRCA1BRCA2 and TP53, which have all been implicated in cellular processes responsible for the maintenance of genomic stability. Multiple studies indicate that mutations in the CHEK2 gene confer an increased risk of developing many types of cancer including breast, prostate, colon, thyroid, and kidney. Mutations are more likely to be found among women with bilateral versus those with unilateral breast cancers. A female carrier of a CHEK2 mutation has approximately a 2 fold increase in lifetime breast cancer risk and has a 1% risk per year of developing a second breast primary cancer. Ovarian cancer risk has also been suggested.11-15